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+// Copyright 2008 The Closure Library Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Simple utilities for dealing with URI strings.
+ *
+ * This is intended to be a lightweight alternative to constructing goog.Uri
+ * objects.  Whereas goog.Uri adds several kilobytes to the binary regardless
+ * of how much of its functionality you use, this is designed to be a set of
+ * mostly-independent utilities so that the compiler includes only what is
+ * necessary for the task.  Estimated savings of porting is 5k pre-gzip and
+ * 1.5k post-gzip.  To ensure the savings remain, future developers should
+ * avoid adding new functionality to existing functions, but instead create
+ * new ones and factor out shared code.
+ *
+ * Many of these utilities have limited functionality, tailored to common
+ * cases.  The query parameter utilities assume that the parameter keys are
+ * already encoded, since most keys are compile-time alphanumeric strings.  The
+ * query parameter mutation utilities also do not tolerate fragment identifiers.
+ *
+ * By design, these functions can be slower than goog.Uri equivalents.
+ * Repeated calls to some of functions may be quadratic in behavior for IE,
+ * although the effect is somewhat limited given the 2kb limit.
+ *
+ * One advantage of the limited functionality here is that this approach is
+ * less sensitive to differences in URI encodings than goog.Uri, since these
+ * functions operate on strings directly, rather than decoding them and
+ * then re-encoding.
+ *
+ * Uses features of RFC 3986 for parsing/formatting URIs:
+ *   http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
+ *
+ * @author gboyer@google.com (Garrett Boyer) - The "lightened" design.
+ * @author msamuel@google.com (Mike Samuel) - Domain knowledge and regexes.
+ */
+
+goog.provide('goog.uri.utils');
+goog.provide('goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex');
+goog.provide('goog.uri.utils.QueryArray');
+goog.provide('goog.uri.utils.QueryValue');
+goog.provide('goog.uri.utils.StandardQueryParam');
+
+goog.require('goog.array');
+goog.require('goog.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.string');
+
+
+/**
+ * Character codes inlined to avoid object allocations due to charCode.
+ * @enum {number}
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.CharCode_ = {
+  AMPERSAND: 38,
+  EQUAL: 61,
+  HASH: 35,
+  QUESTION: 63
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Builds a URI string from already-encoded parts.
+ *
+ * No encoding is performed.  Any component may be omitted as either null or
+ * undefined.
+ *
+ * @param {?string=} opt_scheme The scheme such as 'http'.
+ * @param {?string=} opt_userInfo The user name before the '@'.
+ * @param {?string=} opt_domain The domain such as 'www.google.com', already
+ *     URI-encoded.
+ * @param {(string|number|null)=} opt_port The port number.
+ * @param {?string=} opt_path The path, already URI-encoded.  If it is not
+ *     empty, it must begin with a slash.
+ * @param {?string=} opt_queryData The URI-encoded query data.
+ * @param {?string=} opt_fragment The URI-encoded fragment identifier.
+ * @return {string} The fully combined URI.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.buildFromEncodedParts = function(
+    opt_scheme, opt_userInfo, opt_domain, opt_port, opt_path, opt_queryData,
+    opt_fragment) {
+  var out = '';
+
+  if (opt_scheme) {
+    out += opt_scheme + ':';
+  }
+
+  if (opt_domain) {
+    out += '//';
+
+    if (opt_userInfo) {
+      out += opt_userInfo + '@';
+    }
+
+    out += opt_domain;
+
+    if (opt_port) {
+      out += ':' + opt_port;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (opt_path) {
+    out += opt_path;
+  }
+
+  if (opt_queryData) {
+    out += '?' + opt_queryData;
+  }
+
+  if (opt_fragment) {
+    out += '#' + opt_fragment;
+  }
+
+  return out;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * A regular expression for breaking a URI into its component parts.
+ *
+ * {@link http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt} says in Appendix B
+ * As the "first-match-wins" algorithm is identical to the "greedy"
+ * disambiguation method used by POSIX regular expressions, it is natural and
+ * commonplace to use a regular expression for parsing the potential five
+ * components of a URI reference.
+ *
+ * The following line is the regular expression for breaking-down a
+ * well-formed URI reference into its components.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?
+ *  12            3  4          5       6  7        8 9
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The numbers in the second line above are only to assist readability; they
+ * indicate the reference points for each subexpression (i.e., each paired
+ * parenthesis). We refer to the value matched for subexpression <n> as $<n>.
+ * For example, matching the above expression to
+ * <pre>
+ *     http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/uri/#Related
+ * </pre>
+ * results in the following subexpression matches:
+ * <pre>
+ *    $1 = http:
+ *    $2 = http
+ *    $3 = //www.ics.uci.edu
+ *    $4 = www.ics.uci.edu
+ *    $5 = /pub/ietf/uri/
+ *    $6 = <undefined>
+ *    $7 = <undefined>
+ *    $8 = #Related
+ *    $9 = Related
+ * </pre>
+ * where <undefined> indicates that the component is not present, as is the
+ * case for the query component in the above example. Therefore, we can
+ * determine the value of the five components as
+ * <pre>
+ *    scheme    = $2
+ *    authority = $4
+ *    path      = $5
+ *    query     = $7
+ *    fragment  = $9
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The regular expression has been modified slightly to expose the
+ * userInfo, domain, and port separately from the authority.
+ * The modified version yields
+ * <pre>
+ *    $1 = http              scheme
+ *    $2 = <undefined>       userInfo -\
+ *    $3 = www.ics.uci.edu   domain     | authority
+ *    $4 = <undefined>       port     -/
+ *    $5 = /pub/ietf/uri/    path
+ *    $6 = <undefined>       query without ?
+ *    $7 = Related           fragment without #
+ * </pre>
+ * @type {!RegExp}
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.splitRe_ = new RegExp(
+    '^' +
+    '(?:' +
+    '([^:/?#.]+)' +  // scheme - ignore special characters
+                     // used by other URL parts such as :,
+                     // ?, /, #, and .
+    ':)?' +
+    '(?://' +
+    '(?:([^/?#]*)@)?' +  // userInfo
+    '([^/#?]*?)' +       // domain
+    '(?::([0-9]+))?' +   // port
+    '(?=[/#?]|$)' +      // authority-terminating character
+    ')?' +
+    '([^?#]+)?' +          // path
+    '(?:\\?([^#]*))?' +    // query
+    '(?:#([\\s\\S]*))?' +  // fragment
+    '$');
+
+
+/**
+ * The index of each URI component in the return value of goog.uri.utils.split.
+ * @enum {number}
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex = {
+  SCHEME: 1,
+  USER_INFO: 2,
+  DOMAIN: 3,
+  PORT: 4,
+  PATH: 5,
+  QUERY_DATA: 6,
+  FRAGMENT: 7
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Splits a URI into its component parts.
+ *
+ * Each component can be accessed via the component indices; for example:
+ * <pre>
+ * goog.uri.utils.split(someStr)[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.QUERY_DATA];
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri The URI string to examine.
+ * @return {!Array<string|undefined>} Each component still URI-encoded.
+ *     Each component that is present will contain the encoded value, whereas
+ *     components that are not present will be undefined or empty, depending
+ *     on the browser's regular expression implementation.  Never null, since
+ *     arbitrary strings may still look like path names.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.split = function(uri) {
+  // See @return comment -- never null.
+  return /** @type {!Array<string|undefined>} */ (
+      uri.match(goog.uri.utils.splitRe_));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {?string} uri A possibly null string.
+ * @param {boolean=} opt_preserveReserved If true, percent-encoding of RFC-3986
+ *     reserved characters will not be removed.
+ * @return {?string} The string URI-decoded, or null if uri is null.
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.decodeIfPossible_ = function(uri, opt_preserveReserved) {
+  if (!uri) {
+    return uri;
+  }
+
+  return opt_preserveReserved ? decodeURI(uri) : decodeURIComponent(uri);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets a URI component by index.
+ *
+ * It is preferred to use the getPathEncoded() variety of functions ahead,
+ * since they are more readable.
+ *
+ * @param {goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex} componentIndex The component index.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The still-encoded component, or null if the component
+ *     is not present.
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getComponentByIndex_ = function(componentIndex, uri) {
+  // Convert undefined, null, and empty string into null.
+  return goog.uri.utils.split(uri)[componentIndex] || null;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The protocol or scheme, or null if none.  Does not
+ *     include trailing colons or slashes.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getScheme = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.getComponentByIndex_(
+      goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.SCHEME, uri);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the effective scheme for the URL.  If the URL is relative then the
+ * scheme is derived from the page's location.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {string} The protocol or scheme, always lower case.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getEffectiveScheme = function(uri) {
+  var scheme = goog.uri.utils.getScheme(uri);
+  if (!scheme && goog.global.self && goog.global.self.location) {
+    var protocol = goog.global.self.location.protocol;
+    scheme = protocol.substr(0, protocol.length - 1);
+  }
+  // NOTE: When called from a web worker in Firefox 3.5, location maybe null.
+  // All other browsers with web workers support self.location from the worker.
+  return scheme ? scheme.toLowerCase() : '';
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The user name still encoded, or null if none.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getUserInfoEncoded = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.getComponentByIndex_(
+      goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.USER_INFO, uri);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The decoded user info, or null if none.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getUserInfo = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.decodeIfPossible_(
+      goog.uri.utils.getUserInfoEncoded(uri));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The domain name still encoded, or null if none.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getDomainEncoded = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.getComponentByIndex_(
+      goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.DOMAIN, uri);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The decoded domain, or null if none.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getDomain = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.decodeIfPossible_(
+      goog.uri.utils.getDomainEncoded(uri), true /* opt_preserveReserved */);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?number} The port number, or null if none.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getPort = function(uri) {
+  // Coerce to a number.  If the result of getComponentByIndex_ is null or
+  // non-numeric, the number coersion yields NaN.  This will then return
+  // null for all non-numeric cases (though also zero, which isn't a relevant
+  // port number).
+  return Number(
+             goog.uri.utils.getComponentByIndex_(
+                 goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.PORT, uri)) ||
+      null;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The path still encoded, or null if none. Includes the
+ *     leading slash, if any.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getPathEncoded = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.getComponentByIndex_(
+      goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.PATH, uri);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The decoded path, or null if none.  Includes the leading
+ *     slash, if any.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getPath = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.decodeIfPossible_(
+      goog.uri.utils.getPathEncoded(uri), true /* opt_preserveReserved */);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The query data still encoded, or null if none.  Does not
+ *     include the question mark itself.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getQueryData = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.getComponentByIndex_(
+      goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.QUERY_DATA, uri);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The fragment identifier, or null if none.  Does not
+ *     include the hash mark itself.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getFragmentEncoded = function(uri) {
+  // The hash mark may not appear in any other part of the URL.
+  var hashIndex = uri.indexOf('#');
+  return hashIndex < 0 ? null : uri.substr(hashIndex + 1);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @param {?string} fragment The encoded fragment identifier, or null if none.
+ *     Does not include the hash mark itself.
+ * @return {string} The URI with the fragment set.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.setFragmentEncoded = function(uri, fragment) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.removeFragment(uri) + (fragment ? '#' + fragment : '');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {?string} The decoded fragment identifier, or null if none.  Does
+ *     not include the hash mark.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getFragment = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.decodeIfPossible_(
+      goog.uri.utils.getFragmentEncoded(uri));
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Extracts everything up to the port of the URI.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI string.
+ * @return {string} Everything up to and including the port.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getHost = function(uri) {
+  var pieces = goog.uri.utils.split(uri);
+  return goog.uri.utils.buildFromEncodedParts(
+      pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.SCHEME],
+      pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.USER_INFO],
+      pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.DOMAIN],
+      pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.PORT]);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns the origin for a given URL.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI string.
+ * @return {string} Everything up to and including the port.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getOrigin = function(uri) {
+  var pieces = goog.uri.utils.split(uri);
+  return goog.uri.utils.buildFromEncodedParts(
+      pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.SCHEME], null /* opt_userInfo */,
+      pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.DOMAIN],
+      pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.PORT]);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Extracts the path of the URL and everything after.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI string.
+ * @return {string} The URI, starting at the path and including the query
+ *     parameters and fragment identifier.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getPathAndAfter = function(uri) {
+  var pieces = goog.uri.utils.split(uri);
+  return goog.uri.utils.buildFromEncodedParts(
+      null, null, null, null, pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.PATH],
+      pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.QUERY_DATA],
+      pieces[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.FRAGMENT]);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the URI with the fragment identifier removed.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @return {string} Everything preceding the hash mark.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.removeFragment = function(uri) {
+  // The hash mark may not appear in any other part of the URL.
+  var hashIndex = uri.indexOf('#');
+  return hashIndex < 0 ? uri : uri.substr(0, hashIndex);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Ensures that two URI's have the exact same domain, scheme, and port.
+ *
+ * Unlike the version in goog.Uri, this checks protocol, and therefore is
+ * suitable for checking against the browser's same-origin policy.
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri1 The first URI.
+ * @param {string} uri2 The second URI.
+ * @return {boolean} Whether they have the same scheme, domain and port.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.haveSameDomain = function(uri1, uri2) {
+  var pieces1 = goog.uri.utils.split(uri1);
+  var pieces2 = goog.uri.utils.split(uri2);
+  return pieces1[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.DOMAIN] ==
+      pieces2[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.DOMAIN] &&
+      pieces1[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.SCHEME] ==
+      pieces2[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.SCHEME] &&
+      pieces1[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.PORT] ==
+      pieces2[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.PORT];
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Asserts that there are no fragment or query identifiers, only in uncompiled
+ * mode.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to examine.
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.assertNoFragmentsOrQueries_ = function(uri) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      uri.indexOf('#') < 0 && uri.indexOf('?') < 0,
+      'goog.uri.utils: Fragment or query identifiers are not supported: [%s]',
+      uri);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Supported query parameter values by the parameter serializing utilities.
+ *
+ * If a value is null or undefined, the key-value pair is skipped, as an easy
+ * way to omit parameters conditionally.  Non-array parameters are converted
+ * to a string and URI encoded.  Array values are expanded into multiple
+ * &key=value pairs, with each element stringized and URI-encoded.
+ *
+ * @typedef {*}
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.QueryValue;
+
+
+/**
+ * An array representing a set of query parameters with alternating keys
+ * and values.
+ *
+ * Keys are assumed to be URI encoded already and live at even indices.  See
+ * goog.uri.utils.QueryValue for details on how parameter values are encoded.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ * <pre>
+ * var data = [
+ *   // Simple param: ?name=BobBarker
+ *   'name', 'BobBarker',
+ *   // Conditional param -- may be omitted entirely.
+ *   'specialDietaryNeeds', hasDietaryNeeds() ? getDietaryNeeds() : null,
+ *   // Multi-valued param: &house=LosAngeles&house=NewYork&house=null
+ *   'house', ['LosAngeles', 'NewYork', null]
+ * ];
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @typedef {!Array<string|goog.uri.utils.QueryValue>}
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.QueryArray;
+
+
+/**
+ * Parses encoded query parameters and calls callback function for every
+ * parameter found in the string.
+ *
+ * Missing value of parameter (e.g. “…&key&…”) is treated as if the value was an
+ * empty string.  Keys may be empty strings (e.g. “…&=value&…”) which also means
+ * that “…&=&…” and “…&&…” will result in an empty key and value.
+ *
+ * @param {string} encodedQuery Encoded query string excluding question mark at
+ *     the beginning.
+ * @param {function(string, string)} callback Function called for every
+ *     parameter found in query string.  The first argument (name) will not be
+ *     urldecoded (so the function is consistent with buildQueryData), but the
+ *     second will.  If the parameter has no value (i.e. “=” was not present)
+ *     the second argument (value) will be an empty string.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.parseQueryData = function(encodedQuery, callback) {
+  if (!encodedQuery) {
+    return;
+  }
+  var pairs = encodedQuery.split('&');
+  for (var i = 0; i < pairs.length; i++) {
+    var indexOfEquals = pairs[i].indexOf('=');
+    var name = null;
+    var value = null;
+    if (indexOfEquals >= 0) {
+      name = pairs[i].substring(0, indexOfEquals);
+      value = pairs[i].substring(indexOfEquals + 1);
+    } else {
+      name = pairs[i];
+    }
+    callback(name, value ? goog.string.urlDecode(value) : '');
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Split the URI into 3 parts where the [1] is the queryData without a leading
+ * '?'. For example, the URI http://foo.com/bar?a=b#abc returns
+ * ['http://foo.com/bar','a=b','#abc'].
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to parse.
+ * @return {!Array<string>} An array representation of uri of length 3 where the
+ *     middle value is the queryData without a leading '?'.
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.splitQueryData_ = function(uri) {
+  // Find the query data and and hash.
+  var hashIndex = uri.indexOf('#');
+  if (hashIndex < 0) {
+    hashIndex = uri.length;
+  }
+  var questionIndex = uri.indexOf('?');
+  var queryData;
+  if (questionIndex < 0 || questionIndex > hashIndex) {
+    questionIndex = hashIndex;
+    queryData = '';
+  } else {
+    queryData = uri.substring(questionIndex + 1, hashIndex);
+  }
+  return [uri.substr(0, questionIndex), queryData, uri.substr(hashIndex)];
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Join an array created by splitQueryData_ back into a URI.
+ * @param {!Array<string>} parts A URI in the form generated by splitQueryData_.
+ * @return {string} The joined URI.
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.joinQueryData_ = function(parts) {
+  return parts[0] + (parts[1] ? '?' + parts[1] : '') + parts[2];
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} queryData
+ * @param {string} newData
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.appendQueryData_ = function(queryData, newData) {
+  if (!newData) {
+    return queryData;
+  }
+  return queryData ? queryData + '&' + newData : newData;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @param {string} uri
+ * @param {string} queryData
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.appendQueryDataToUri_ = function(uri, queryData) {
+  if (!queryData) {
+    return uri;
+  }
+  var parts = goog.uri.utils.splitQueryData_(uri);
+  parts[1] = goog.uri.utils.appendQueryData_(parts[1], queryData);
+  return goog.uri.utils.joinQueryData_(parts);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Appends key=value pairs to an array, supporting multi-valued objects.
+ * @param {*} key The key prefix.
+ * @param {goog.uri.utils.QueryValue} value The value to serialize.
+ * @param {!Array<string>} pairs The array to which the 'key=value' strings
+ *     should be appended.
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.appendKeyValuePairs_ = function(key, value, pairs) {
+  goog.asserts.assertString(key);
+  if (goog.isArray(value)) {
+    // Convince the compiler it's an array.
+    goog.asserts.assertArray(value);
+    for (var j = 0; j < value.length; j++) {
+      // Convert to string explicitly, to short circuit the null and array
+      // logic in this function -- this ensures that null and undefined get
+      // written as literal 'null' and 'undefined', and arrays don't get
+      // expanded out but instead encoded in the default way.
+      goog.uri.utils.appendKeyValuePairs_(key, String(value[j]), pairs);
+    }
+  } else if (value != null) {
+    // Skip a top-level null or undefined entirely.
+    pairs.push(
+        key +
+        // Check for empty string. Zero gets encoded into the url as literal
+        // strings.  For empty string, skip the equal sign, to be consistent
+        // with UriBuilder.java.
+        (value === '' ? '' : '=' + goog.string.urlEncode(value)));
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Builds a query data string from a sequence of alternating keys and values.
+ * Currently generates "&key&" for empty args.
+ *
+ * @param {!IArrayLike<string|goog.uri.utils.QueryValue>} keysAndValues
+ *     Alternating keys and values. See the QueryArray typedef.
+ * @param {number=} opt_startIndex A start offset into the arary, defaults to 0.
+ * @return {string} The encoded query string, in the form 'a=1&b=2'.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.buildQueryData = function(keysAndValues, opt_startIndex) {
+  goog.asserts.assert(
+      Math.max(keysAndValues.length - (opt_startIndex || 0), 0) % 2 == 0,
+      'goog.uri.utils: Key/value lists must be even in length.');
+
+  var params = [];
+  for (var i = opt_startIndex || 0; i < keysAndValues.length; i += 2) {
+    var key = /** @type {string} */ (keysAndValues[i]);
+    goog.uri.utils.appendKeyValuePairs_(key, keysAndValues[i + 1], params);
+  }
+  return params.join('&');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Builds a query data string from a map.
+ * Currently generates "&key&" for empty args.
+ *
+ * @param {!Object<string, goog.uri.utils.QueryValue>} map An object where keys
+ *     are URI-encoded parameter keys, and the values are arbitrary types
+ *     or arrays. Keys with a null value are dropped.
+ * @return {string} The encoded query string, in the form 'a=1&b=2'.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.buildQueryDataFromMap = function(map) {
+  var params = [];
+  for (var key in map) {
+    goog.uri.utils.appendKeyValuePairs_(key, map[key], params);
+  }
+  return params.join('&');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Appends URI parameters to an existing URI.
+ *
+ * The variable arguments may contain alternating keys and values.  Keys are
+ * assumed to be already URI encoded.  The values should not be URI-encoded,
+ * and will instead be encoded by this function.
+ * <pre>
+ * appendParams('http://www.foo.com?existing=true',
+ *     'key1', 'value1',
+ *     'key2', 'value?willBeEncoded',
+ *     'key3', ['valueA', 'valueB', 'valueC'],
+ *     'key4', null);
+ * result: 'http://www.foo.com?existing=true&' +
+ *     'key1=value1&' +
+ *     'key2=value%3FwillBeEncoded&' +
+ *     'key3=valueA&key3=valueB&key3=valueC'
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * A single call to this function will not exhibit quadratic behavior in IE,
+ * whereas multiple repeated calls may, although the effect is limited by
+ * fact that URL's generally can't exceed 2kb.
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri The original URI, which may already have query data.
+ * @param {...(goog.uri.utils.QueryArray|goog.uri.utils.QueryValue)}
+ * var_args
+ *     An array or argument list conforming to goog.uri.utils.QueryArray.
+ * @return {string} The URI with all query parameters added.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.appendParams = function(uri, var_args) {
+  var queryData = arguments.length == 2 ?
+      goog.uri.utils.buildQueryData(arguments[1], 0) :
+      goog.uri.utils.buildQueryData(arguments, 1);
+  return goog.uri.utils.appendQueryDataToUri_(uri, queryData);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Appends query parameters from a map.
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri The original URI, which may already have query data.
+ * @param {!Object<goog.uri.utils.QueryValue>} map An object where keys are
+ *     URI-encoded parameter keys, and the values are arbitrary types or arrays.
+ *     Keys with a null value are dropped.
+ * @return {string} The new parameters.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.appendParamsFromMap = function(uri, map) {
+  var queryData = goog.uri.utils.buildQueryDataFromMap(map);
+  return goog.uri.utils.appendQueryDataToUri_(uri, queryData);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Appends a single URI parameter.
+ *
+ * Repeated calls to this can exhibit quadratic behavior in IE6 due to the
+ * way string append works, though it should be limited given the 2kb limit.
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri The original URI, which may already have query data.
+ * @param {string} key The key, which must already be URI encoded.
+ * @param {*=} opt_value The value, which will be stringized and encoded
+ *     (assumed not already to be encoded).  If omitted, undefined, or null, the
+ *     key will be added as a valueless parameter.
+ * @return {string} The URI with the query parameter added.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.appendParam = function(uri, key, opt_value) {
+  var value = goog.isDefAndNotNull(opt_value) ?
+      '=' + goog.string.urlEncode(opt_value) :
+      '';
+  return goog.uri.utils.appendQueryDataToUri_(uri, key + value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Finds the next instance of a query parameter with the specified name.
+ *
+ * Does not instantiate any objects.
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to search.  May contain a fragment identifier
+ *     if opt_hashIndex is specified.
+ * @param {number} startIndex The index to begin searching for the key at.  A
+ *     match may be found even if this is one character after the ampersand.
+ * @param {string} keyEncoded The URI-encoded key.
+ * @param {number} hashOrEndIndex Index to stop looking at.  If a hash
+ *     mark is present, it should be its index, otherwise it should be the
+ *     length of the string.
+ * @return {number} The position of the first character in the key's name,
+ *     immediately after either a question mark or a dot.
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.findParam_ = function(
+    uri, startIndex, keyEncoded, hashOrEndIndex) {
+  var index = startIndex;
+  var keyLength = keyEncoded.length;
+
+  // Search for the key itself and post-filter for surronuding punctuation,
+  // rather than expensively building a regexp.
+  while ((index = uri.indexOf(keyEncoded, index)) >= 0 &&
+         index < hashOrEndIndex) {
+    var precedingChar = uri.charCodeAt(index - 1);
+    // Ensure that the preceding character is '&' or '?'.
+    if (precedingChar == goog.uri.utils.CharCode_.AMPERSAND ||
+        precedingChar == goog.uri.utils.CharCode_.QUESTION) {
+      // Ensure the following character is '&', '=', '#', or NaN
+      // (end of string).
+      var followingChar = uri.charCodeAt(index + keyLength);
+      if (!followingChar || followingChar == goog.uri.utils.CharCode_.EQUAL ||
+          followingChar == goog.uri.utils.CharCode_.AMPERSAND ||
+          followingChar == goog.uri.utils.CharCode_.HASH) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    index += keyLength + 1;
+  }
+
+  return -1;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Regular expression for finding a hash mark or end of string.
+ * @type {RegExp}
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.hashOrEndRe_ = /#|$/;
+
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the URI contains a specific key.
+ *
+ * Performs no object instantiations.
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to process.  May contain a fragment
+ *     identifier.
+ * @param {string} keyEncoded The URI-encoded key.  Case-sensitive.
+ * @return {boolean} Whether the key is present.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.hasParam = function(uri, keyEncoded) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.findParam_(
+             uri, 0, keyEncoded, uri.search(goog.uri.utils.hashOrEndRe_)) >= 0;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets the first value of a query parameter.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to process.  May contain a fragment.
+ * @param {string} keyEncoded The URI-encoded key.  Case-sensitive.
+ * @return {?string} The first value of the parameter (URI-decoded), or null
+ *     if the parameter is not found.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getParamValue = function(uri, keyEncoded) {
+  var hashOrEndIndex = uri.search(goog.uri.utils.hashOrEndRe_);
+  var foundIndex =
+      goog.uri.utils.findParam_(uri, 0, keyEncoded, hashOrEndIndex);
+
+  if (foundIndex < 0) {
+    return null;
+  } else {
+    var endPosition = uri.indexOf('&', foundIndex);
+    if (endPosition < 0 || endPosition > hashOrEndIndex) {
+      endPosition = hashOrEndIndex;
+    }
+    // Progress forth to the end of the "key=" or "key&" substring.
+    foundIndex += keyEncoded.length + 1;
+    // Use substr, because it (unlike substring) will return empty string
+    // if foundIndex > endPosition.
+    return goog.string.urlDecode(
+        uri.substr(foundIndex, endPosition - foundIndex));
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Gets all values of a query parameter.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to process.  May contain a fragment.
+ * @param {string} keyEncoded The URI-encoded key.  Case-sensitive.
+ * @return {!Array<string>} All URI-decoded values with the given key.
+ *     If the key is not found, this will have length 0, but never be null.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.getParamValues = function(uri, keyEncoded) {
+  var hashOrEndIndex = uri.search(goog.uri.utils.hashOrEndRe_);
+  var position = 0;
+  var foundIndex;
+  var result = [];
+
+  while ((foundIndex = goog.uri.utils.findParam_(
+              uri, position, keyEncoded, hashOrEndIndex)) >= 0) {
+    // Find where this parameter ends, either the '&' or the end of the
+    // query parameters.
+    position = uri.indexOf('&', foundIndex);
+    if (position < 0 || position > hashOrEndIndex) {
+      position = hashOrEndIndex;
+    }
+
+    // Progress forth to the end of the "key=" or "key&" substring.
+    foundIndex += keyEncoded.length + 1;
+    // Use substr, because it (unlike substring) will return empty string
+    // if foundIndex > position.
+    result.push(
+        goog.string.urlDecode(uri.substr(foundIndex, position - foundIndex)));
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Regexp to find trailing question marks and ampersands.
+ * @type {RegExp}
+ * @private
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.trailingQueryPunctuationRe_ = /[?&]($|#)/;
+
+
+/**
+ * Removes all instances of a query parameter.
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to process.  Must not contain a fragment.
+ * @param {string} keyEncoded The URI-encoded key.
+ * @return {string} The URI with all instances of the parameter removed.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.removeParam = function(uri, keyEncoded) {
+  var hashOrEndIndex = uri.search(goog.uri.utils.hashOrEndRe_);
+  var position = 0;
+  var foundIndex;
+  var buffer = [];
+
+  // Look for a query parameter.
+  while ((foundIndex = goog.uri.utils.findParam_(
+              uri, position, keyEncoded, hashOrEndIndex)) >= 0) {
+    // Get the portion of the query string up to, but not including, the ?
+    // or & starting the parameter.
+    buffer.push(uri.substring(position, foundIndex));
+    // Progress to immediately after the '&'.  If not found, go to the end.
+    // Avoid including the hash mark.
+    position = Math.min(
+        (uri.indexOf('&', foundIndex) + 1) || hashOrEndIndex, hashOrEndIndex);
+  }
+
+  // Append everything that is remaining.
+  buffer.push(uri.substr(position));
+
+  // Join the buffer, and remove trailing punctuation that remains.
+  return buffer.join('').replace(
+      goog.uri.utils.trailingQueryPunctuationRe_, '$1');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Replaces all existing definitions of a parameter with a single definition.
+ *
+ * Repeated calls to this can exhibit quadratic behavior due to the need to
+ * find existing instances and reconstruct the string, though it should be
+ * limited given the 2kb limit.  Consider using appendParams or setParamsFromMap
+ * to update multiple parameters in bulk.
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri The original URI, which may already have query data.
+ * @param {string} keyEncoded The key, which must already be URI encoded.
+ * @param {*} value The value, which will be stringized and encoded (assumed
+ *     not already to be encoded).
+ * @return {string} The URI with the query parameter added.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.setParam = function(uri, keyEncoded, value) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.appendParam(
+      goog.uri.utils.removeParam(uri, keyEncoded), keyEncoded, value);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Effeciently set or remove multiple query parameters in a URI. Order of
+ * unchanged parameters will not be modified, all updated parameters will be
+ * appended to the end of the query. Params with values of null or undefined are
+ * removed.
+ *
+ * @param {string} uri The URI to process.
+ * @param {!Object<string, goog.uri.utils.QueryValue>} params A list of
+ *     parameters to update. If null or undefined, the param will be removed.
+ * @return {string} An updated URI where the query data has been updated with
+ *     the params.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.setParamsFromMap = function(uri, params) {
+  var parts = goog.uri.utils.splitQueryData_(uri);
+  var queryData = parts[1];
+  var buffer = [];
+  if (queryData) {
+    goog.array.forEach(queryData.split('&'), function(pair) {
+      var indexOfEquals = pair.indexOf('=');
+      var name = indexOfEquals >= 0 ? pair.substr(0, indexOfEquals) : pair;
+      if (!params.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        buffer.push(pair);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  parts[1] = goog.uri.utils.appendQueryData_(
+      buffer.join('&'), goog.uri.utils.buildQueryDataFromMap(params));
+  return goog.uri.utils.joinQueryData_(parts);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Generates a URI path using a given URI and a path with checks to
+ * prevent consecutive "//". The baseUri passed in must not contain
+ * query or fragment identifiers. The path to append may not contain query or
+ * fragment identifiers.
+ *
+ * @param {string} baseUri URI to use as the base.
+ * @param {string} path Path to append.
+ * @return {string} Updated URI.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.appendPath = function(baseUri, path) {
+  goog.uri.utils.assertNoFragmentsOrQueries_(baseUri);
+
+  // Remove any trailing '/'
+  if (goog.string.endsWith(baseUri, '/')) {
+    baseUri = baseUri.substr(0, baseUri.length - 1);
+  }
+  // Remove any leading '/'
+  if (goog.string.startsWith(path, '/')) {
+    path = path.substr(1);
+  }
+  return goog.string.buildString(baseUri, '/', path);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Replaces the path.
+ * @param {string} uri URI to use as the base.
+ * @param {string} path New path.
+ * @return {string} Updated URI.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.setPath = function(uri, path) {
+  // Add any missing '/'.
+  if (!goog.string.startsWith(path, '/')) {
+    path = '/' + path;
+  }
+  var parts = goog.uri.utils.split(uri);
+  return goog.uri.utils.buildFromEncodedParts(
+      parts[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.SCHEME],
+      parts[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.USER_INFO],
+      parts[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.DOMAIN],
+      parts[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.PORT], path,
+      parts[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.QUERY_DATA],
+      parts[goog.uri.utils.ComponentIndex.FRAGMENT]);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Standard supported query parameters.
+ * @enum {string}
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.StandardQueryParam = {
+
+  /** Unused parameter for unique-ifying. */
+  RANDOM: 'zx'
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Sets the zx parameter of a URI to a random value.
+ * @param {string} uri Any URI.
+ * @return {string} That URI with the "zx" parameter added or replaced to
+ *     contain a random string.
+ */
+goog.uri.utils.makeUnique = function(uri) {
+  return goog.uri.utils.setParam(
+      uri, goog.uri.utils.StandardQueryParam.RANDOM,
+      goog.string.getRandomString());
+};